C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A blood test that measures the level of CRP, a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:04
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:04
C-arm: A mobile imaging device primarily used in surgical and orthopedic settings, providing real-time X-ray imaging to assist with procedures.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:10
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:10
C-reactive protein: A protein made by the liver. High amounts of C-reactive protein may indicate that arteries are clogged (atherosclerosis).
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:18
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:18
CABG: Abbreviation for coronary artery bypass graft. Surgery to improve blood flow to the heart by diverting blood around a blocked artery.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:22
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:22
CBC: Abbreviation for complete blood count tests run on a blood sample to provide information on red cells, white cells, and platelets.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:32
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:32
CCU: Abbreviation for coronary care unit, a ward in a hospital that provides specialized care and extensive monitoring for patients with heart problems.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:36
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:36
CFS: Abbreviation for chronic fatigue syndrome, a disorder of ongoing, severe tiredness that interferes with a persons ability to function well, isn t improved with rest, and isn t caused by another illness.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:53
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:53
CK: Abbreviation for creatine kinase, an enzyme found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Levels of creatine kinase are tested to diagnose certain illnesses.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:10:58
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:10:58
COX-2 inhibitors: Abbreviation for cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, medications that reduce pain and swelling by targeting a particular enzyme known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Created: 2024-12-07 13:17:13
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 13:17:13
CPAP: Abbreviation for continuous positive airway pressure, a therapy for obstructive sleep apnea in which a machine delivers a continuous stream of air which prevents the collapse of the airway during sleep.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:06
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:06
CPR: Abbreviation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a combination of chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing that keep oxygenated blood circulating to the brain and tissues.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:10
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:10
CRISPR-Cas9: A technology that allows for precise editing of DNA within living organisms by cutting and modifying specific sections of the genome.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:14
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:14
CRP: Abbreviation for C-reactive protein, a protein made by the liver. High amounts of C-reactive protein may indicate that arteries are clogged (atherosclerosis).
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:18
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:18
CT: Computerized x-rays that provide detailed views of the body and brain. Also known as a computed tomography (CT) scan.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:41
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:41
CT Angiography: A form of CT scan that uses contrast to visualize blood vessels, helping to identify blockages, aneurysms, or malformations in arteries or veins.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:34
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:34
CT-guided Biopsy System: A system that uses CT imaging to guide the needle placement during a biopsy procedure, ensuring accurate sampling of tissue for pathological analysis.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:27
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:27
Calcaneal Spur: A bony growth on the heel bone, often associated with plantar fasciitis.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:49
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:49
Calcaneus: The heel bone, which is the largest of the tarsal bones.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:02
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:02
Calcaneus Lateral Protocol: Patient Positioning: Lying on the affected side, with the foot in true lateral position; Imaging Settings: 60β70 kVp, 2β5 mAs; Common Views: Lateral view to evaluate the calcaneus for fractures, deformities, or arthritis.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:11:56
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:11:56
Calcium-Dependent Exocytosis: A type of regulated exocytosis that requires an influx of calcium ions to trigger vesicle fusion and release.
Created: 2024-12-07 16:39:56
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 16:39:56
Caldwell View Protocol: Patient Positioning: Supine with the head tilted backward and the chin elevated; Imaging Settings: 70β80 kVp, 5β10 mAs; Common Views: Used for imaging the frontal sinuses and orbital rim.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:09
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:09
Calicivirus: A family of RNA viruses, including norovirus, which is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Created: 2024-12-07 13:17:30
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 13:17:30
Californium (Cf): Used in nuclear reactors and for medical treatments, Californium is highly radioactive.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:17
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:17
Camptodactyly: A condition causing permanent flexion of one or more fingers.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:21
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:21
Campylobacter jejuni: A Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with foodborne infections, leading to gastroenteritis.
Created: 2024-12-07 13:17:43
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 13:17:43
Cancellous Bone: Spongy bone tissue that is less dense than compact bone, found at the ends of long bones and in the interior of others.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:29
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:29
Candesartan: An angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:35
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:35
Candida albicans: A yeast-like fungus that is part of the normal flora but can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, leading to thrush and systemic candidiasis.
Created: 2024-12-07 13:17:54
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 13:17:54
Capillary: Tiny blood vessels that allow exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:48
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:48
Capillary Refill: A test used to assess peripheral circulation, measuring the time it takes for color to return to the nail bed after pressure is applied.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:42
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:42
Captopril: An ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:53
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:53
Carbamazepine: An anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:12:58
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:12:58
Carbon (C): Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used for radiocarbon dating in archaeology and geology.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:05
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:05
Cardiac Arteries: Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle, including the left and right coronary arteries.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:13
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:13
Cardiac Radiologist: A radiologist who specializes in imaging the heart and blood vessels, using techniques like CT angiography and MRI to diagnose heart diseases and vascular conditions.
Created: 2024-12-07 13:18:25
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 13:18:25
Cardiac Nurse: A nurse specializing in the care of patients with heart conditions, such as heart disease and arrhythmias.
Created: 2024-12-07 22:55:15
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 22:55:15
Cardiogenic Shock: A life-threatening condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the bodys needs, often due to severe heart failure or a heart attack.
Created: 2024-12-07 13:18:32
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 13:18:32
Cardiologist: A specialist focused on diagnosing and treating diseases of the heart and blood vessels, including conditions like coronary artery disease and heart failure.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:15:38
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:15:38
Cardiology Department: A department specializing in heart-related conditions and treatments.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:01:29
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:01:29
Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle that affects its ability to pump blood, which can lead to heart failure. Types include dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:23
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:23
Cardiopulmonary System: The combined system of the heart and lungs, responsible for oxygenating blood and circulating it throughout the body.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:30
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:30
Cardiothoracic Surgeon: A surgeon specializing in surgeries involving the heart, lungs, and other organs within the chest, including coronary artery bypass surgery and lung resections.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:15:56
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:15:56
Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit: A department specializing in surgeries of the heart, lungs, and chest.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:01:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:01:39
Carina: The ridge at the point where the trachea divides into the left and right main bronchi.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:40
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:40
Carotid Body: A small cluster of chemoreceptors located near the bifurcation of the carotid artery that detects changes in blood oxygen levels.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:47
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:47
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, causing pain and numbness.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:54
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:54
Carpals: The eight small bones that make up the wrist joint.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:13:58
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:13:58
Cartilage: A flexible, semi-rigid connective tissue found in joints, the ear, the nose, and other parts of the body.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:10
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:10
Cartilage Tear: A rip in the cartilage, often affecting the meniscus in the knee.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:05
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:05
Cartilaginous Joint: A type of joint where the bones are connected by cartilage, such as the intervertebral discs.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:18
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:18
Carvedilol: A beta-blocker used to treat heart failure, high blood pressure, and chronic heart conditions.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:27
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:27
Cauda Equina Syndrome: Compression of spinal nerve roots causing lower back pain and loss of bowel or bladder control.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:35
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:35
Cefalexin: A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat infections like skin and urinary tract infections.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:40
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:40
Ceftriaxone: A cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various infections.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:45
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:45
Celecoxib: A COX-2 inhibitor NSAID used to treat pain and inflammation, often for arthritis.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:50
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:50
Celiac Plexus: A network of nerves located near the celiac artery, involved in the regulation of abdominal organs.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:14:57
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:14:57
Central Venous Catheter: A tube placed in a large vein to administer fluids, medications, or for diagnostic purposes, often inserted into the internal jugular or subclavian veins.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:15:04
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:15:04
Centromere: The region of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:15:12
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:15:12
Cephalic Vein: Superficial vein in the arm that drains blood from the upper limb and empties into the subclavian vein.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:15:18
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:15:18
Cerebral Arteries: Arteries that supply blood to the brain, including the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:15:26
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:15:26
Cerium (Ce): Cerium-141 is used in some types of research, though it is not commonly utilized in everyday applications.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:15:38
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:15:38
Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM): A nurse trained to provide prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care to women, as well as family planning services.
Created: 2024-12-07 22:55:31
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 22:55:31
Cervical Dilator: A surgical instrument used to dilate the cervix in preparation for procedures like a hysteroscopy or childbirth.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:16:49
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:16:49
Cervical Spine Lateral Protocol: Patient Positioning: Erect or supine, with the neck in true lateral position and the shoulders relaxed; Imaging Settings: 70β80 kVp, 5β10 mAs; Common Views: Lateral view to evaluate the cervical vertebrae, intervertebral spaces, and alignment, including flexion/extension views for instability.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:16:28
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:16:28
Cetirizine: An antihistamine used to treat allergies and hay fever.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:16:41
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:16:41
Charcot Joint: Joint damage caused by nerve damage, often associated with diabetes or neuropathy.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:16:48
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:16:48
Chemoradiation: A treatment strategy combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy, often used to treat certain cancers more effectively.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:16:52
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:16:52
Chemoradiotherapy: A combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to treat certain types of cancer.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:16:56
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:16:56
Chest Lateral Extension Protocol: Patient Positioning: Lateral view with arms raised and extended forward, sometimes to demonstrate the sternum and ribs; Imaging Settings: 120 kVp, 5β10 mAs; Common Views: Lateral extension view.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:17:12
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:17:12
Cheyne-Stokes respiration: Abnormal breathing where cycles of deep, labored breathing where cycles of deep, labored breathing are followed by cycles of weak breathing that can result in a total, temporary lack of airflow.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:17:21
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:17:21
Chiropractic Clinic: A healthcare facility specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly spinal issues.
Created: 2024-12-07 17:14:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 17:14:39
Chiropractor: A specialist who treats musculoskeletal issues, especially those related to the spine, using manual adjustment techniques.
Created: 2024-12-07 17:19:17
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 17:19:17
Chisels: Surgical instruments with a sharp edge used for cutting, shaping, or removing bone or cartilage during orthopedic surgeries.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:17:01
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:17:01
Chlamydia trachomatis: A Gram-negative bacterium that causes chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:17:16
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:17:16
Chlorella vulgaris: A type of green algae commonly used in supplements for its rich nutritional content, including proteins, vitamins, and antioxidants.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:17:27
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:17:27
Chlorine (Cl): Chlorine-36 is a radioactive isotope used in dating ancient water sources and in environmental studies.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:17:28
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:17:28
Chloroquine: An antimalarial drug also used for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus treatment.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:17:35
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:17:35
Cholangiocarcinoma: A cancer of the bile ducts. MRI/MRCP reveals biliary dilatation proximal to the lesion and irregular narrowing of bile ducts.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:17:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:17:39
Chondroblastoma: A rare, benign tumor that develops in cartilage, often near growth plates.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:17:46
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:17:46
Chondrocalcinosis: Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joint cartilage, also known as pseudogout.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:17:51
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:17:51
Chondromalacia: Softening and deterioration of cartilage under the kneecap.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:12
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:12
Chondromalacia Patellae: Softening and damage of the cartilage under the kneecap, causing pain.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:07
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:07
Chondrosarcoma: A malignant tumor that originates in cartilage cells.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:17
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:17
Chordoma: A rare malignant tumor arising from remnants of the notochord, often in the spine or skull base.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:21
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:21
Chromatin: A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:26
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:26
Chromosome: A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:31
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:31
Chronic Radiation Side Effects: Long-term effects of radiotherapy that may appear months or years after treatment, including fibrosis, organ damage, and secondary cancers.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:45
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:45
Cilia: Hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that help filter out particles and microbes, moving mucus upward toward the throat to be swallowed or expelled.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:52
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:52
Cinefluorography: A fluoroscopic technique used to capture dynamic, moving images, often used to study swallowing or joint movements.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:18:56
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:18:56
Ciprofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections like urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumonia.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:00
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:00
Circle of Willis: A circle of arteries at the base of the brain, connecting major brain arteries and supplying blood to all parts of the brain.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:07
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:07
Circovirus: A family of small, single-stranded DNA viruses that primarily infect animals, with some species affecting humans, such as torque teno virus.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:18:09
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:18:09
Cautery Pens (Electrosurgical Pens): Handheld tools used to perform electrosurgery, cauterizing tissue to stop bleeding or cut through tissue.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:16:26
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:16:26
Clarithromycin: A macrolide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:11
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:11
Clavicle: The collarbone, a long, thin bone that connects the arm to the body, lying horizontally at the top of the chest.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:23
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:23
Clavicle Fracture: A break in the collarbone, often caused by trauma or falls.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:18
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:18
Clindamycin: An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, particularly in the respiratory and skin areas.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:27
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:27
Clinic: A small healthcare facility offering outpatient services, often specializing in specific fields.
Created: 2024-12-07 17:14:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 17:14:39
Clinical Epidemiologist: A specialist who uses statistical and research methods to study patterns and causes of diseases, helping to inform public health practices and interventions.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:18:25
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:18:25
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS): A nurse with advanced expertise in a specific area of nursing practice, such as oncology or cardiology.
Created: 2024-12-07 22:55:43
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 22:55:43
Clinical Trials in Radiotherapy: Research studies conducted to evaluate new radiotherapy techniques, dosages, or combinations with other treatments.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:35
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:35
Clonazepam: A benzodiazepine used to treat seizures and panic disorder.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:45
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:45
Clonorchis sinensis: A liver fluke causing clonorchiasis, leading to bile duct infection and possibly liver cancer, transmitted through raw or undercooked fish.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:52
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:52
Clopidogrel: An antiplatelet drug used to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:19:57
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:19:57
Clostridium difficile: A Gram-positive bacterium associated with antibiotic-induced diarrhea and colitis.
Created: 2024-12-07 14:18:40
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:18:40
Clubfoot: A congenital condition where the foot is twisted out of shape or position.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:20:01
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:20:01
Coagulation Panel: A group of blood tests that evaluate blood clotting ability, including PT, APTT, and INR, used to monitor bleeding disorders or anticoagulant therapy.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:20:09
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:20:09
Coarctation of the Aorta: A congenital narrowing of the aorta, which can cause high blood pressure and heart failure if left untreated.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:20:18
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:20:18
Cobalt (Co): Cobalt-60 is widely used in medical treatments, particularly in radiotherapy for cancer.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:20:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:20:39
Cobalt-60 Radiotherapy: A form of external beam radiotherapy that uses cobalt-60 as a radiation source, commonly used in older radiotherapy machines.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:20:25
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:20:25
Coccyx: The small triangular bone at the end of the vertebral column, commonly known as the tailbone.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:21:08
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:21:08
Codon: A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:21:12
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:21:12
Collagen: The primary structural protein found in connective tissues, including bone, providing strength and elasticity.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:21:16
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:21:16
Colles fracture: A break at the end of the main bone of the forearm, the radius.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:21:25
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:21:25
Colorectal Cancer: A malignancy of the colon or rectum. CT and colonoscopy detect masses or wall thickening; metastases are common in the liver and lungs.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:21:48
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:21:48
Colorectal Surgeon: A specialist who focuses on the surgical treatment of diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus, including colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:59:54
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:59:54
Combined-Modality Radiotherapy: A treatment approach that combines radiotherapy with other modalities like surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy to improve treatment outcomes.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:21:55
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:21:55
Commensal E. coli: A non-pathogenic strain that aids in the synthesis of vitamin K2 and assists in digestion.
Created: 2024-12-07 10:44:11
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 10:44:11
Comminuted Fracture: A fracture where the bone is shattered into multiple fragments.
Created: 2024-12-07 16:41:34
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 16:41:34
Common Pulmonary Artery: The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:22:02
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:22:02
Compact Bone: The dense outer layer of bone that provides structural strength.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:22:08
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:22:08
Complete Urine Analysis: A series of tests performed on urine to assess various health conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, or urinary tract infections.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:22:16
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:22:16
Compound Fracture: A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.
Created: 2024-12-07 16:41:48
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 16:41:48
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): An extended version of the BMP that also measures protein levels, liver enzymes, and bilirubin.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:22:24
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:22:24
Compton Scattering: A process in which gamma rays or X-rays scatter off electrons, measured in energy levels typically expressed in keV or MeV.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:22:31
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:22:31
Computed Radiography (CR): A digital radiography technique that uses photostimulable phosphor plates to capture images, which are later converted into digital format.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:22:50
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:22:50
Condyloid Joint: A joint that allows movement but no rotation, such as the wrist joint between the radius and the carpals.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:22:56
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:22:56
Cone Beam CT (CBCT) in Radiotherapy: A specialized imaging technique used in radiotherapy to verify the patient's position and ensure accurate radiation delivery.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:03
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:03
Congenital Scoliosis: Abnormal spinal curvature present at birth due to malformed vertebrae.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:09
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:09
Constitutive Exocytosis: A continuous and non-regulated process that delivers membrane proteins and lipids to the cell membrane and secretes substances.
Created: 2024-12-07 15:52:06
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 15:52:06
Contamination Monitoring: The systematic measurement and identification of radioactive materials on surfaces, equipment, or personnel to prevent exposure.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:16
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:16
Continuous-Variable Therapy: A type of therapy that adjusts treatment parameters, such as radiation dose or technique, continuously to improve treatment outcomes.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:24
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:24
Contrast Radiography: A technique in which a contrast material is introduced into a body part (such as the GI tract or blood vessels) to improve image clarity and contrast during X-ray imaging.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:31
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:31
Conventional Radiography: The traditional X-ray imaging technique that uses ionizing radiation to capture images of bones and soft tissues.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:38
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:38
Copernicium (Cn): Created in a laboratory, it is mainly used for experimental research in nuclear physics.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:48
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:48
Copper (Cu): Copper-64 is a radioactive isotope used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:23:55
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:23:55
Coronary Artery Disease: A condition where the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked, leading to a reduced blood supply to the heart.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:03
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:03
Created: 2024-12-07 10:44:35
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 10:44:35
Corticosteroids: A class of drugs used to reduce inflammation and treat conditions like asthma and arthritis.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:08
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:08
Cortisone: A corticosteroid used to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:12
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:12
Corynebacterium diphtheriae: A Gram-positive bacterium that causes diphtheria, a respiratory disease characterized by a thick coating in the throat.
Created: 2024-12-07 10:44:48
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 10:44:48
Costal Cartilage: Cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum, allowing flexibility in the rib cage.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:20
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:20
Costochondritis: Inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone, causing chest pain.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:24
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:24
Coxa Magna: Enlargement of the femoral head, often secondary to hip disorders.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:31
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:31
Cranial Sutures: The immovable joints between the bones of the skull.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:38
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:38
Craniostenosis: Premature fusion of skull bones in infants, affecting skull and brain growth.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:42
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:42
Craniosynostosis: Premature fusion of cranial sutures in infants, leading to abnormal skull shape.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:47
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:47
Cranium: The part of the skull that encases and protects the brain.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:50
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:50
Creatine Kinase (CK): A blood test used to measure the level of creatine kinase, an enzyme released during muscle damage, to assess muscle and heart injury.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:24:59
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:24:59
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A rare, untreatable, rapid form of dementia that is fatal.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:06
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:06
Cricoid Cartilage: A ring-shaped cartilage located in the larynx, just below the thyroid cartilage, which helps protect the airway.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:14
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:14
Cricothyroid Ligament: A ligament in the larynx that connects the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage, aiding in vocal cord tension.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:21
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:21
Critical Organ: An organ or tissue in the body that, if exposed to high radiation doses, would result in significant health damage or acute effects.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:28
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:28
Crohns disease: A chronic disease that causes swelling of the digestive tract, pain, and diarrhea.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:39
Cromolyn: A mast cell stabilizer used to prevent allergic reactions and asthma attacks.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:44
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:44
Cryosurgery: A treatment that uses extreme cold to destroy cancerous or abnormal tissue, sometimes used in combination with radiotherapy.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:48
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:48
Cryptococcus neoformans: A yeast that causes cryptococcosis, a fungal infection that primarily affects the lungs and central nervous system, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Created: 2024-12-07 10:45:14
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 10:45:14
Cryptosporidium parvum: A protozoan causing cryptosporidiosis, leading to watery diarrhea, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:25:56
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:25:56
Cumulative Dose: The total amount of radiation an individual has been exposed to over a certain period, often measured over the course of a lifetime or career.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:26:03
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:26:03
Curette: A spoon-shaped surgical instrument used for scraping tissue or debris from a body cavity, such as in a D&C (dilatation and curettage).
Created: 2024-12-07 14:19:35
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 14:19:35
Curie (Ci): A non-SI unit of radioactivity, equivalent to 3.7 Γ 10^10 decays per second.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:26:16
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:26:16
Curium (Cm): A synthetic element used in scientific research and some nuclear applications.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:26:26
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:26:26
Cushings syndrome: A disorder caused by high levels of the stress-hormone cortisol resulting in damage to the body, including abdominal obesity, rounded red face, and other symptoms.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:26:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:26:39
CyberKnife: A robotic radiosurgery system that delivers high doses of radiation with precision, used for tumors in various locations in the body.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:26:50
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:26:50
CyberKnife Radiosurgery: A robotic system used to deliver high-dose radiation with precision, used for treating tumors in various locations.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:26:46
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:26:46
Cyclophosphamide: An alkylating agent used to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:26:55
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:26:55
Cyclospora cayetanensis: A protozoan parasite causing cyclosporiasis, characterized by prolonged diarrhea, often linked to contaminated food or water.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:27:03
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:27:03
Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, leading to thick mucus buildup, recurrent infections, and respiratory problems.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:27:09
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:27:09
Cytotoxic drugs: Medications used in radiotherapy and chemotherapy that kill or inhibit the growth of cells, particularly cancer cells.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:27:16
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:27:16
calcification: The buildup of calcium deposits in soft tissue, causing it to harden. Often seen in breast tissue by mammography or in coronary arteries by x-ray or cardiac CT scans.
Created: 2024-12-11 12:05:25
Last Updated: 2024-12-11 12:05:25
calcitonin: A hormone that can stimulate bone growth and is sometimes used to treat osteoporosis.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
calcium channel blockers: A class of drugs that lowers blood pressure, slows the heart rate, and decreases the heart's need for oxygen by blocking the movement of calcium into the heart and the muscle cells surrounding blood vessels.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
calcium: A mineral that the body needs for many vital functions, including bone formation, regulation of heart rate and blood pressure, and muscle contraction.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
callus: Hardened, thick skin that forms after repeated friction; often found on hands and the bottom of feet.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
calorie: The unit for measuring the amount of energy in food.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cancellous bone: One of two types of tissue that form bone; this type is commonly found at the center of long bones and makes up a large part of the hip and spine. Also known as trabecular bone.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cancer: A group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way, sometimes forming tumors.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:21:08
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:21:08
capillaries: The bodyοΏ½s smallest blood vessels; they deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
capsaicin: An chemical found in hot chili peppers that is used in some pain relief creams.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
carbohydrate counting: Keeping track of the grams of carbohydrates eaten in order to control weight.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
carbohydrate: The sugars and starches in food that provide the body with most of its fuel. Carbohydrates are one of three primary nutrients along with fats and proteins.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
carbon monoxide: An odorless, colorless gas that is toxic to humans and animals at high levels; it is produced by cars, furnaces, fireplaces, and other equipment powered by combustion.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
carcinogen: Any substance that can cause cancer.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
carcinogenesis: The process by which a normal cell becomes cancerous.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
carcinoma: A cancerous tumor that develops in the tissue that lines the organs of the body (the epithelium).
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardiac tamponade: When fluid or blood pools within the sac surrounding the heart, squeezing the heart and interfering with its ability to pump.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardiac: Pertaining to the heart.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardioplegia: Temporarily stopping the heart during heart surgery.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A combination of chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing that keep oxygenated blood circulating to the brain and tissues. Commonly known as CPR.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardiopulmonary: Pertaining to the heart and lungs.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardiorespiratory endurance: A component of physical fitness that relates to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity. Also known as cardiorespiratory fitness.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardiovascular: Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cardioversion: The use of an electrical shock to stop an abnormal heart rhythm (an arrhythmia) and restore a normal one (sinus rhythm). Cardioversion can be external, using pads applied to the chest, or internal, from a pacemaker-like device called an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).
Created: 2024-12-07 23:21:14
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:21:14
carminative: An herb said to expel gas from the digestive system, easing stomach discomfort.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
carotenoids: Compounds such as lycopene and beta carotene that give red, yellow, and orange color to certain plants.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:00:39
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:00:39
carotid endarterectomy: Surgery to remove fatty plaque buildup from the carotid artery and restore blood flow to the brain.
Created: 2024-12-09 17:18:29
Last Updated: 2024-12-09 17:18:29
carpal tunnel syndrome: A condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm through the hand, is compressed; symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness, as well as hand weakness.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cartilage: Stiff connective tissue that provides support to other tissues and cushions joints.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cartilaginous joint: A joint in which the bones are firmly connected by cartilage, so that only slight movement is possible.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
case-control study: A research study that compares one group of people with a particular disease to a very similar group that does not have the same disease.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
catagen: The transition phase of the hair-growth cycle.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cataplexy: Sudden paralysis of some or all muscles brought on by laughter, anger, fright, or strong emotions; a hallmark of narcolepsy.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cataract: A clouding or fogging of the lens of the eye that may blur or tint vision.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
catastrophic reaction: A strong emotional reaction to a minor event.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cathartic: An agent with a strong laxative effect.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
catheter: A thin tube that is inserted into the body to provide or drain fluids, or to carry tiny surgical instruments and cameras in minimally invasive surgeries.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cation: A positively charged ion; cations in the body include sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cauda equina: A bundles of nerve roots that look like a horseοΏ½s tail, located at the end of the spinal cord.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
causalgia: Intense, long-lasting burning pain usually caused by damage to a peripheral nerve.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cavity: A hole in the tooth caused by advanced decay.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
celiac plexus: A network of nerves in the upper abdomen; medication is sometimes injected here as part of a therapy to ease pain called a nerve block.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:18:14
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:18:14
cell senescence: The end stage in the life of a cell when the cell can no longer divide.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cell-mediated immunity: A type of immune response mounted against viruses, certain types of parasites, and perhaps cancer cells.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cell: The basic building block of all living organisms.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cementum: The layer of tooth material that covers the root.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
central sleep apnea: A disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep, because the brain doesnοΏ½t properly signal the muscles that control breathing.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cerebellum: The part of the brain that controls coordinated movement.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cerebral infarction: A type of stroke caused when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cerebrovascular accident: The medical term for a stroke.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cerebrovascular: Pertaining to the blood vessels in the brain.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cerumen: A substance that helps keep dirt out of the ear and lubricates the skin in the ear. More commonly known as earwax.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cervical spondyloarthropathy: Inflammatory arthritis involving the neck portion of the spine.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cervicogenic headache: Headache related to neck problems. Also called cervical headache.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Cesium (Cs): Known for its radioactive isotopes, cesium-137 is used in radiation therapy and as a tracer in scientific applications.
Created: 2024-12-06 09:16:37
Last Updated: 2024-12-06 09:16:37
challenge testing: A way of testing for food allergy, usually in double-blind experiments in which neither patient nor doctor knows which food is taken in pill form.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:10
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:31:10
chemical peel: A chemical solution applied to the skin to cause it to blister and peel, revealing a new layer of skin; treatment is used to improve the appearance of the skin, reducing lines, wrinkles, age spots, and other problems.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chemonucleolysis: A treatment for low back pain that involves injecting the enzyme chymopapain into a herniated disk.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chemoprevention: Using drugs or chemicals to prevent cancer.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chemotherapy: The use of chemicals to treat disease; often used to destroy cancer cells.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chiropractor: Someone who treats disease by manipulation and adjustment of body structures, often the spine.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chlorophyllin: A chemical found in green, leafy vegetables thought to help prevent cancer.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chlorosis: Severe iron-deficiency characterized by a yellow-green tinge to the skin.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cholagogue: A substance that causes the gallbladder to squeeze, increasing the discharge of bile.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cholecystokinin: A hormone that signals the gallbladder to contract, releasing bile, and causes the pancreas to release enzymes used in digestion.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
choleretic: An agent that promotes bile production.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cholesterol: A waxy, fat-like substance produced by the liver and found in all food from animal sources; an essential component of body cells and a precursor of bile acids and some hormones.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cholinergic neuron: A nerve cell that produces acetylcholine.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chondrocalcinosis: Arthritis caused by calcium crystals.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chondrocyte: A cartilage cell.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chondromalacia: A painful condition caused by irritation to or wearing away of the cartilage on the underside of the knee cap; known as runnerοΏ½s knee.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
choroid: A thin layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between the white of the eye (sclera) and the retina.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chromosome: A threadlike structure, found in the nucleus of each cell, that carries almost all of a cellοΏ½s genes.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chronic paroxysmal hemicrania: Severe, frequent, short-lasting migraine-like headache attacks.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chronic: Any condition that lasts a long time or recurs over time.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
chylomicron: A fat globule that ferries triglyceride from the intestine to the liver and fat tissue.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:14
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:31:14
chyme: A nearly liquid mass of partly digested food and digestive juices; found in the stomach and intestine.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:19
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:31:19
cicatricial alopecia: A group of inflammatory hair disorders that can cause irreversible damage to the follicle that results in permanent hair loss and scarring. Also known as scarring alopecia.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cilia: Small, hairlike structures on the surface of some cells.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
ciliary body: Part of the eye that produces the aqueous humor (fluid that nourishes the eye) and contains the ciliary muscle, which controls focusing of the lens.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
circadian rhythm: The bodyοΏ½s biological clock that regulates the sleep/wake cycle and other physiological processes.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cirrhosis: A chronic disease of the liver that progressively destroys the liverοΏ½s ability to aid in digestion and detoxification.
Created: 2024-12-07 16:01:37
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
classic migraine: A migraine headache preceded by visual disturbances; also known as a migraine with aura.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
claudication: A muscle cramp, usually felt in the calf, caused by poor blood flow to the legs.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
clinical trial: A study that tests a therapy in humans, rather than in laboratories or on animals.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:27
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:31:27
clonal expansion: An explosive increase in the number of fighter cells released by the immune system to fight a threat in the body.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
clot buster: Medications that dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow through a blocked artery.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cluster headache: A short-lived, extremely painful headache that occurs repeatedly over a period of a few weeks or months and then disappears for months or years.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
coagulate: The process where a liquid, such as blood, comes together to form a soft, semi-solid mass, like a clot.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
coarctation: A narrowed area in the aorta (the main artery that leaves the heart) present from birth.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cochlea: Part of the ear that converts sound into electrical signals that the brain interprets as a particular sound.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cochlear implant: A small electronic device that is implanted in the inner ear to restore some hearing to a deaf person.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
coenzyme: A small organic molecule, often made from B vitamins, that helps enzymes function in the body.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
cognitive reserve: The capacity of the brain to use alternative neural pathways or thinking strategies in response to neurological injury from conditions such as AlzheimerοΏ½s disease.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
colic: Severe abdominal pain caused by spasms in the intestines or in a portion of the kidneys.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:18:20
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:18:20
collagen: A fibrous protein that is the main component of connective tissue in the body.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
collagenase: An enzyme that breaks down collagen.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
collateral circulation: A system of minor arteries, known as collaterals, that can serve as an alternate blood supply to the heart when a major coronary artery is blocked.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
colon: The large intestine; a muscular tube that is 5 to 6 feet long. It compacts and moves solid waste.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:32
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:31:32
colonoscopy: A procedure to see inside the colon, using a long, lighted flexible tube mounted with a tiny camera.
Created: 2024-12-08 00:00:01
Last Updated: 2024-12-08 00:00:01
colorectal adenoma: A growth on the colon or rectal wall that may develop into cancer.
Created: 2024-12-08 00:00:09
Last Updated: 2024-12-08 00:00:09
colostomy: Surgery that brings one end of the large intestine out through an opening in the abdomen for elimination of stool.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:18:25
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:18:25
colostrum: An antibody-rich form of breast milk, produced at the end of pregnancy and for a short time after birth, which strengthens a newbornοΏ½s immune system.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
coma: Deep unconsciousness where the person is alive but unable to move or respond.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
combined hyperlipidemia: A condition, usually inherited, in which LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels are very high.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:26:44
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:26:44
common migraine: A migraine headache without any visual symptoms, such as not a blind spot, beforehand. Also called a migraine without aura.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
communicable disease: Any disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens that is spread from person to person.
Created: 2024-12-07 22:58:01
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 22:58:01
compact bone: Hard, tightly-packed tissue that forms the outer shell of bones. Also called cortical bone or lamellar bone.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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complement system: Proteins that kill viruses, bacteria, and other microbes directly or flag them for destruction by white blood cells.
Created: 2024-12-07 22:58:12
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 22:58:12
complete blood count: Often referred to as CBC. A broad panel of screening tests that examine different parts of the blood and can be used to diagnose anemia, infection, and many other diseases.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:42
Last Updated: 2024-12-07 23:31:42
complicated migraine: A migraine where one or more of the symptoms, such as visual problems, linger for at least a day after the headache is gone.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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compounding pharmacy: A pharmacy that mixes custom medications for patients and doctors.
Created: 2024-12-09 17:20:22
Last Updated: 2024-12-09 17:20:22
compression fracture: The collapse of a bone, most often a bone in the spine (vertebra).
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
computed tomography: An imaging technique that uses a computer and x-rays passed through the body at different angles to create a detailed, nearly three-dimensional picture of the body.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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conception: The start of pregnancy, when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.
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conductive hearing loss: Hearing loss caused by a blockage in the middle ear that prevents sound waves from reaching the inner ear.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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condyle: A rounded knob at the end of a bone.
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cones: Cells in the retina that are sensitive to color and light.
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congestion: An accumulation of mucus or of blood in an organ.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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congestive heart failure: An older term for heart failure, a disorder caused by a decrease in the heartοΏ½s ability to pump blood. Congestive heart failure referred specifically to the type of heart failure associated with the accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs or extremities.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
conjugate vaccine: A type of vaccine made by attaching an antigen (a substance that the body deems harmful) to a protein. It is often used to immunize babies and young children.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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conjugated equine estrogens: Estrogen medications produced from the urine of pregnant horses.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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conjunctiva: The clear, thin membrane that covers the inside of the eyelid and the white part of the eyeball.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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conjunctivitis: Swelling or infection of the thin lining on the inside of the eyelid and the white part of the eyeball.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
connective tissue: A group of tissues in the body that provide internal support and bind other tissues in the body, including bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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consolidation: The process by which the brain transforms newly acquired information into long-term memories.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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contact dermatitis: A rash or skin irritation that results when skin contacts an allergen or irritating substance.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
continuous positive airway pressure: A therapy for obstructive sleep apnea in which a machine delivers a continuous stream of air which prevents the collapse of the airway during sleep.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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contractile proteins: Proteins that help shorten the length of muscle cells, enabling them to contract.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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contracture: Shortening of a muscle, usually because of disease or lack of use, that limits joint movement.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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contrast medium: A fluid injected into the bloodstream or swallowed so that organs will show up on x-rays.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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control group: A group of people in a medical study who receive either no treatment or the standard treatment, which is compared against a group who receive the treatment being studied.
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controllers: Asthma medications taken daily to prevent or control symptoms.
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contusion: A bruise. An injury that causes swelling, pain, and discoloration but doesnοΏ½t break the skin.
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convulsion: Rapid uncontrollable shaking of the body caused by muscles contracting and relaxing repeatedly.
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corn: An area of hardened, thickened skin usually caused by friction.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cornea: The clear dome that covers the front of the eye.
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coronary care unit: A ward in a hospital that provides specialized care and monitoring for patients with heart problems.
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coronary: Pertaining to the arteries that supply blood to the heart.
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corpus spongiosum: A cylinder of soft tissue surrounding a manοΏ½s urethra and running the length of the penis.
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corrugator muscle: One of the muscles that forms frown lines on the forehead.
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cortex: The middle layer and main structure of the hair shaft, consisting mainly of compact bundles of the protein keratin.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cortical bone: Hard, tightly-packed tissue that forms the outer shell of bones. Also called compact bone.
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corticosteroids: Steroid medications made to mimic hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands. They are used to treat a wide range of health problems.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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corticotropin-releasing factor: A hormone made in the brain that triggers the bodyοΏ½s fight-or-flight reaction to external threats.
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cortisol: One of a class of stress hormones released during the fight-or-flight stress response.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cranial arteritis: Inflammation and damage to blood vessels supplying blood to the head and neck. Also called giant cell arteritis.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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craving: Intense, often irrepressible urge for something; often a symptom of dependence on drugs, alcohol or addiction.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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creatine kinase: An enzyme that leaks into the bloodstream in high amounts if a muscle is damaged. Can be used to detect heart attack or muscle damage from other diseases.
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creatinine: A waste product created by muscle metabolism. Doctors sometimes test creatinine levels to examine kidney function.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:57
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creatinine test: A blood or urine test that helps doctors determine if the kidneys are working properly.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:31:52
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crepitus: Grating, grinding, or popping sound or feeling made when a joint is moved.
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crown: The part of the tooth that is visible above the gum line. Also a restoration that covers the crown of the tooth.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cryotherapy: Use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy diseased tissue.
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crystalline lens: Part of the eye that changes shape so that the eye can focus on objects at different distances.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cubital tunnel syndrome: The pinching of a nerve at the elbow, causing numbness in the pinkie and ring fingers and part of the hand.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cupping: An indentation in the optic disc that grows abnormally large with glaucoma.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:21:19
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curettage: Using a spoon-shaped instrument to remove diseased tissue or sample tissue.
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cuticle: The outermost, single-cell layer of the hair shaft.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cyanosis: A condition in which skin turns blue due to a lack of oxygen in the blood, often because of heart failure or lung disease.
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cyclic hormone therapy: Use of estrogen and progestogen for 10οΏ½14 days of the month to relieve symptoms of menopause.
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cyclooxygenase: An enzyme that helps blood cells known as platelets stick to each other, a key step in the formation of a blood clot.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
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cyst: An abnormal growth in the body that is noncancerous.
Created: 2024-12-07 23:21:24
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cystoid macular edema: An eye condition in which the retina (the macula) becomes swollen with fluid.
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cytokines: Proteins in the body that act as messengers between immune system cells.
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cytotoxic alopecia: Drug-induced hair loss that occurs some weeks after the start of chemotherapy; hair grows back after cessation of treatment.
Created: 2024-11-20 17:40:43
Last Updated: 2024-11-20 17:40:43